Monday, July 20, 2015

How Lectio Divina Might Very Well Be Thought of As Being the "School of Prayer"

As is true of most people, I found it relatively easy to learn prayers by rote, such as the Our Father, at a very early age. Once I was a little older and got the hang of it, the Holy Rosary came fairly easily too, by keeping in mind that I should have a kind of "soft focus" on the theme for each decade while I allowed the repetition of the Salutation to Mary to detach me from my immediate surroundings so that I may enter more deeply into the mysteries of sacred scripture.

The Liturgy of the Hours was a bit more difficult, and required greater maturity. The hardest part was becoming accustomed to the mechanics of this prayer, knowing how to flip back and forth between the pages and find the appropriate text for each section of the prayer. Once I got the hang of the mechanics of the thing the prayer itself was rather straight-forward; all I really had to do was read and listen for the voice of God. Of course, even this was more difficult that it might seem at first. Frequently the Psalms for a particular hour of liturgy did not fit my immediate mood or state-of-mind; the challenge was to subordinate my thoughts to those of the Church and of Christ speaking to me through the ages. Praying the Liturgy of the Hours is an act of shifting one's attention from oneself to the Mind of the Church.

Contemplative prayer and Eucharistic Adoration took yet another level of maturity. These were more easily done with the assistance of a spiritual text, to pull my focus back to Christ when my mind started to wander, but to simply dwell in the presence of Christ required a solid background in contemplating and becoming familiar with the voice of Christ that comes through frequently reading sacred scripture. In fact, I found that praying the Holy Rosary and the Liturgy of the Hours helped prepare me for more fruitful contemplative prayer.

In all honesty, the prayer that came to me most grudgingly was Lectio Divina. I understood the Lectio as being a slow and contemplative reading of a small section of scripture, followed by silence and focusing on a passage, image or word that resonated with me. The technical aspect of the prayer was to become accustomed to the rhythm and pacing of reading and silence, reading and silence -- but unlike the Liturgy of the Hours, I was never really sure which part of scripture I should read at any given time and there was always the temptation to turn contemplation of sacred scripture into a Bible study characterized by analytical reading.

For these reasons, I thought of Lectio Divina as being the prayer that one should try to become proficient at last, after establishing reasonable proficiency in the other forms of prayer, but I think a reasonable case can be made for seeing the Lectio as the school of prayer, that helps to deepen the other forms of prayer in one's spiritual formation.

The point at which I became more comfortable with the lectio was when I moved away from an analytical "Bible study" approach to reading scripture during the prayer to listening for that single word, phrase, thought, emotion or image that I mentioned above, and turning it over and over in my mind until I heard what God was telling me.

It seems to me that the lectio might be thought of as being the school for other prayers because this skill of extracting a detail and turning it over and over in one's mind is also a fruitful practice when praying memorized prayers, the Rosary and the Liturgy of the Hours. Frequently one is tempted to treat all four of these forms of prayer as something that requires a hard focus -- identifying each segment of the text and placing it, cognitively, in relation to the whole. The method of the lectio, however, suggests another approach. All that is required of one is to grasp the strongest impression or detail and to explore it deeply. This, again, is transferable to contemplative prayer because it provides the person in prayer with something to focus on and to open paths to contemplation.

In this sense, Lectio Divina helps us to slow down and savor sacred scripture. It is the difference between our attempt to have mastery over the text as opposed to allow the text to reveal to us what is in our soul and to speak to us of what God wants us to hear.

Sunday, July 19, 2015

How Do Catholics Pray?

Okay, so that was quite a bit of a hiatus from blogging. I will try to pick up and extend earlier themes from last autumn, including posting more of my spiritual autobiography and commentaries I have written that have been published in Pittsburgh Catholic newspaper over the previous 12 months. I also want to write more posts evolving from the work I have been doing this summer with pastoral work, the new evangelization and intentional discipleship, but today I want to share my notes from a young adults meeting at St. Benedict the Moor in Pittsburgh on the role of prayer in the life of the Catholic Church.

Prayer has been a topic that has always had deep meaning for me. In explaining Catholicism to non-Catholics and to non-Christians I don't find it as helpful to get bogged down in questions of religious doctrine or apologetic -- that can come with time -- I think it is generally more fruitful to focus on the Catholic prayer experience. I believe that focusing on prayer life is a way to have constructive interactions across denominations and communions within Christianity, as well as inter and extra-faith dialogue.

Brother James Watson, OFM Cap., conducted the session and led the group in the practice of contemplative prayer. He also provided the group with an introductory course in Lectio Divina. My notes for this blog post focus on a quiz he gave the group about Catholic prayer. These notes provide a general outline of things one should know about Catholic prayer life:

What is a Catholic understanding of what prayer is? Prayer is a response in faith to the promises of God, it is raising one's heart to God, allowing God to know the depths of our hearts, and it is a covenant relationship between a person and God.

The virtue that is the foundation of prayer is not faith, hope or love, although each of those virtues is important; the virtue that is the foundation of prayer is humility -- it is submission to the will of God and the realization that nothing that we do of our own power will endure.

Is there an official prayer of the Catholic Church? Yes; the official prayer of the Church is the Liturgy of the Hours, which contains nine prayer sessions for different hours of the day, each day of the year. This is a way of liturgically experiencing the different phases of each day. The Liturgy of the Hours consists mostly of Psalms, but also readings from the Old and New Testament and passages from writing from Christian tradition.

Is there a prayer that is the source and summit of the Faith? Yes; the Mass is the prayer that is the source and summit of the Faith.

What book of the Old Testament is the "masterwork of prayer"? The book of Psalms is the masterwork of prayer, which is why we pray it during the Liturgy of the Hours. The early church prayed the Psalms, as did Jesus and his disciples and observant Jews 2,000 years ago.

What, for Christians, is the perfect model of prayer? There are a lot of impressive models of prayer for Christians, including Mary's Magnificant at the Annunciation and the Gloria in Excelsis Deo by the angels at the birth of Jesus, but the perfect model of prayer is the Our Father, which Jesus taught the disciples.

What is the right method for personal prayer, is it spontaneous prayer, formulaic prayer, or a combination of the two? Actually, the right method of personal prayer for Catholics is to pray as your heart dictates, in whatever form it takes.

How can we make sure God hears our prayers? Catholics believe that we can be sure that God hears our prayers by praying in the name of Jesus. We believe in the power of the Name.

Why do Catholics pray to Mary and the saints? Catholics pray to Mary and the saints because we want them to pray with us and for us. We do not pray to them in conjunction with God, nor do we pray to them because we believe they can answer our prayers.

When do Catholics believe it is appropriate to offer a prayer of thanksgiving? Catholics do not believe that the only time to offer a prayer of thanksgiving is when we receive something we want, or something that was unexpected, from God. We believe we should offer prayers of thanksgiving under all circumstances and that we should live in a state of thankfulness and praising God -- again, this is something that the Liturgy of the Hours helps us with.

Prayers of praise most immediately recognize that God is God.